Conrad 30 is a program under section 214(l) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. A state health department can recommend up to 30 foreign physicians a year for a waiver of the J-1 two-year home-country requirement. In exchange, the physician works full time for at least three years, in H-1B status, at a facility in or serving a federally designated shortage area.
Each state sets its own application rules, deadlines and priorities, and the State Department reviews requests. The program depends on a sunset date that Congress has repeatedly extended, so its current status is something to check before planning around it.
See the Conrad 30 guide, J-1 waiver options and the two-year home residency requirement. The DS-2019 and visa show whether you are subject to the requirement.